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Project

Urban Mining & Regenerative E-Waste Ecosystems

Jimmy Day / Media Lab 

How can we establish nurturing and circular relationships for informal settlements and allow regenerative ecosystems to envision urban mining processes from the city environment?

In the face of the growing challenge of urban waste, especially within rapidly expanding informal settlements projected to house over 45% of the global population by 2050 (United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, 2022), innovative solutions are imperative. The thesis proposes a paradigm shift towards urban mining, emphasizing the significant value embedded in discarded electronics—where a tonne of circuit boards can hold ten times more precious metals than traditional ore (Minnesota Center for Environmental Advocacy, 2022). The global distribution of off-shored e-waste has led to the emergence of informal settlements that depend on e-waste recovery to support livelihoods and income generation. These communities have become prime examples for urban mining, embracing circular economic strategies to find adaptive ways to repurpose e-waste.

Accra, Ghana’s Old Fadama, home to one of the largest e-waste sites in the world, has become a vital economic hub for informal e-waste processing.  With a population of over 100,000 dwellers, local and migrant workers have built resilient communities through innovative recycling practices, tech repairs, and DIY digital fabrication methods. However, they face imminent environmental risks, health hazards, and displacement threats. 

 Focusing on Old Fadama, the thesis addresses the narratives of urban mining communities and looks toward a systematic sympoiesis between economic, environmental, and social realities. As an integrated field research, case study, and implementation, the thesis conducts key urban analysis for understanding e-waste sites and urban mining communities; identifies technology interventions and policy recommendations that can improve local conditions; and utilizes data-driven communication to advocate for new opportunities for urban systems tied to e-waste extraction through immersive multimedia as part of a public exhibition.

Using a novel methodology, the thesis adopts the learnings from the economic, physical, and community-based interventions observed in informal e-waste recovery processes. The thesis combines quantitative data from satellite imagery and remote sensing with qualitative insights gathered through crowdsourced GIS mapping, films, interviews, and creative capacity-building workshops. These combined insights aim to enhance urban models, nurturing the innovation potential already present within urban mining communities. The thesis research contributes to the previous work of MIT City Science Group’s “Power of Without” initiative, a comprehensive roadmap for understanding and collaborating with informal settlements and proposing non-Western decentralized infrastructure solutions. The thesis aims to provide practical insights for implementing innovations in urban mining communities by developing sustainable e-waste recovery strategies and supporting micro-industries in cities, which could serve as a model for similar contexts globally.

Through the creation of an immersive exhibition to facilitate public discourse surrounding e-waste recycling and urban mining, the exhibition leverages multimedia tools to communicate research findings and promote community engagement effectively. As a recipient of the 2024 Council for the Arts at MIT grant, the exhibition, displayed at the MIT Media Lab galleries, features a multifaceted, immersive experience that merges film, sound, and data storytelling.

The content of the exhibit includes:

Immersive Visual Display: A high-resolution film accompanied by rich soundscapes captured in Accra by a professional film crew in January 2024. This visual and auditory experience transports visitors to Ghana's e-waste recovery landscapes. 

City Model: A visually dynamic physical model of the residential/commercial area and adjacent landfill in Old Fadama, integrated with video projections for data-driven storytelling. These projections visually represent the complexities of the local environment and social conditions, contextualizing the urban landscapes seen in the film.

Data Visualizations: A series of visualizations are projected onto the physical model, bringing to life economic, environmental, and social insights related to e-waste recovery. These visualizations derive from crowdsourced GIS data capturing local economic and urban activity and remote sensing satellite data.

An adjacent sculptural work utilizes repurposed CRT monitors from MIT's e-waste to further engage visitors. These monitors are arranged to display video segments across multiple screens through projection mapping. The CRT monitors also employ TouchDesigner interfaces, incorporating audio-reactive visual elements such as glitch effects that respond to exhibition sounds. By reclaiming and revitalizing discarded electronics, the exhibition offers a critical commentary on the value of e-waste, challenging the perception of discarded technology as mere waste and highlighting its potential for creative and meaningful reuse.