Description of Exif file format

Currently, most of new digicams use Exif file format to store images. This specification was made by JEIDA, but there is no open document in internet. So I made tiny description about Exif from some of open documents which can get from internet.

I believe this document is basically based on Exif2.1 specification, but actually I have not read official specification yet, there are some 'unknown' items and it may have some of errata. If you have an information about 'unknown' item or find errata, please e-mail me, TsuruZoh Tachibanaya.

This is a FREE document, you may use this document for any purpose (commercial/non-commercial) of all/part of this document. All trade names mentioned in this document are trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective holders.

TsuruZoh Tachibanaya

http://www.butaman.ne.jp:8000/~tsuruzoh/

rev. 1.1 Dec.19,1999
rev. 1.0 May.28,1999

Referenced materials

Exif file format written by itojun (Japanese language document)
Exif file format written by Mamoru Ohno (Japanese language document)
TIFF6.0 Specification written by Adobe
TIFF/EP Specification written by ISO TC42 WG18
exifdump program written by Thierry Boush

What is Exif file format?

Basically, Exif file format is the same as JPEG file format. Exif inserts some of image/digicam information data and thumbnail image to JPEG in conformity to JPEG specification. Therefore you can view Exif format image files by JPEG compliant Internet browser/Picture viewer/Photo retouch software etc. as a usual JPEG image files.

JPEG format and Marker

Every JPEG file starts from binary value '0xFFD8', ends by binary value '0xFFD9'. There are several binary 0xFFXX data in JPEG data, they are called as "Marker", and it means the period of JPEG information data. 0xFFD8 means SOI(Start of image), 0xFFD9 means EOI(End of image). These two special Markers have no data following, the other Markers have data with it. Basic format of Marker is below.

0xFF+Marker Number(1 byte)+Data size(2 bytes)+Data(n bytes)

Data size(2 Bytes) has "Motorola" byte align, starts from bigger digits. Please notice that "Data" contains Data size descriptor, if there is a Marker like this;

FF C1 00 0C

It means this Marker(0xFFC1) has 0x000C(equal 12)bytes of data. But the data size '12' includes "Data size" descriptor, it follows only 10 bytes of data after 0x000C.

In JPEG format, some of Markers describe data, then SOS(Start of stream) Marker placed. After the SOS marker, JPEG image stream starts and terminated by EOI Marker.

SOI Marker	Marker XX size=SSSS			Marker YY size=TTTT			SOS Marker size=UUUU			Image stream	EOI Marker
FFD8	FFXX	SSSS	DDDD......	FFYY	TTTT	DDDD......	FFDA	UUUU	DDDD....	I I I I....	FFD9

Marker used by Exif

The marker 0xFFE0~0xFFEF is named "Application Marker", not necessary for decoding JPEG image. They are used by user application. For example, older olympus/canon/casio/agfa digicams use JFIF(JPEG File Interchange Format) for storing images. JFIF uses APP0(0xFFE0) Marker for inserting digicam configuration data and thumbnail image.

Also Exif uses an Application Marker for inserting data, but Exif uses APP1(0xFFE1) Marker to avoid a conflict with JFIF format. Every Exif file formats starts from this format;

SOI Marker	APP1 Marker	APP1 Data	Other Marker
FFD8	FFE1	SSSS 457869660000 TTTT......	FFXX SSSS DDDD......

It starts from SOI(0xFFD8) Marker, so it's a JPEG file. Then APP1 Marker follows immediately. All the data of Exif are stored in this APP1 data area. The part of "SSSS" on upper table means the size of APP1 data area (Exif data area). Please notice that the size "SSSS" includes the size of descriptor itself also.

After the "SSSS", APP1 data starts. The first part is a special data to identify whether Exif or not, ASCII character "Exif" and 2bytes of 0x00 are used.

After the APP1 Marker area, the other JPEG Markers follows.

Exif data structure

Roughly structure of Exif data (APP1) is shown as below. This is a case of "Intel" byte align and it contains JPEG format thumbnail. As described above, Exif data is starts from ASCII character "Exif" and 2bytes of 0x00, then Exif data follows. Exif uses TIFF format to store data. For more datails of TIFF format, please refer to "TIFF6.0 specification".

FFE1	APP1 Marker
SSSS	APP1 Data	APP1 Data Size
45786966 0000		Exif Header
49492A00 08000000		TIFF Header
XXXX. . . .		IFD0 (main image)	Directory
LLLLLLLL			Link to IFD1
XXXX. . . .		Data area of IFD0
XXXX. . . .		Exif SubIFD	Directory
00000000			End of Link
XXXX. . . .		Data area of Exif SubIFD
XXXX. . . .		IFD1(thumbnail image)	Directory
00000000			End of Link
XXXX. . . .		Data area of IFD1
FFD8XXXX. . . XXXXFFD9		Thumbnail image

Structure of TIFF header

First 8bytes of TIFF format are TIFF header. First 2bytes defines byte align of TIFF data. If it is 0x4949="I I", it means "Intel" type byte align. If it is 0x4d4d="MM", it means "Motorola" type byte align. For example, value '305,419,896' is noted as 0x12345678 by sixteenth system. At the Motrola align, it is stored as 0x12,0x34,0x56,0x78. If it's Intel align, it is stored as 0x78,0x56,0x34,0x12. It seems that most of digicams uses Intel align. Ricoh uses Motorola align. Sony uses Intel align except D700. Kodak DC200/210/240 use Motorola align, but DC220/260 use Intel align though they are using PowerPC! Therefore when we need the value of Exif data, we MUST check byte align every time. Though JPEG data uses Motorola align only, Exif allows both alignment. I can't understand why Exif didn't fix a byte align to Motorola.

Next 2bytes are always 2bytes-length value of 0x002A. If the data uses Intel align, next 2bytes are "0x2a00". If it uses Motorola, they are "0x002a". The last 4bytes of TIFF header are an offset to the first IFD(Image File Directory, described in next chapter). Includes this offset, all the offset value used in TIFF format counts offset bytes from the first of TIFF header("I I" or "MM"). Usually the first IFD starts immediately next to TIFF header, so this offset has value '0x00000008'.

Byte align	TAG Mark	Offset to first IFD
"I I" or "MM"	2A00	0x00000008

IFD : Image file directory

Next to TIFF header, there is the first IFD:Image File Directory. It contains image information data. At the chart below, the first 2bytes('EEEE') means the number of directory entry contains in this IFD. Then directory entry (12bytes per entry) follows. After last directory entry, there is a 4bytes of data('LLLLLLLL' at the chart), it means an offset to next IFD. If its value is '0x00000000', it means this is the last IFD and there is no linked IFD.

EEEE				No. of directory entry
TTTT	ffff	NNNNNNNN	DDDDDDDD	Entry 0
TTTT	ffff	NNNNNNNN	DDDDDDDD	Entry 1
. . . . . . . . .				. . . . . .
TTTT	ffff	NNNNNNNN	DDDDDDDD	Entry EEEE-1
LLLLLLLL				Offset to next IFD

'TTTT'(2bytes) of above chart is Tag number, this shows a kind of data. 'ffff'(2bytes) is data format, 'NNNNNNNN'(4bytes) is number of components. 'DDDDDDDD'(4bytes) contains a data value or offset to data value.

Data format

Data format ('ffff' at the above chart) is defined as below. "rational" means a fractional value, it contains 2 signed/unsigned long integer value, and the first represents the numerator, the second, the denominator.

Value	1	2	3	4	5	6
Format	unsigned byte	ascii strings	unsigned short	unsigned long	unsigned rational	signed byte
Bytes/component	1	1	2	4	8	1

Value	7	8	9	10	11	12
Format	undefined	signed short	signed long	signed rational	single float	double float
Bytes/component	1	2	4	8	4	8

You can get the total data byte length by multiplies a 'bytes/components' value (see above chart) by number of components stored 'NNNNNNNN' area. If total data length is less than 4bytes, 'DDDDDDDD' contains the value of that Tag. If its size is over 4bytes, 'DDDDDDDD' contains the offset to data stored address.

IFD data structure

At Exif format, the first IFD is IFD0(IFD of main image), then it links to IFD1(IFD of thumbnail image) and IFD link is terminated. But IFD0/IFD1 doesn't contain any digicam's information such as shutter speed, focal length etc. IFD0 always contains special Tag Exif Offset(0x8769), it shows an offset to Exif SubIFD. Exif SubIFD is IFD formatted data also, it contains digicam's information.

0000: 49 49 2A 00 08 00 00 00-02 00 1A 01 05 00 01 00
0010: 00 00 26 00 00 00 69 87-04 00 01 00 00 00 11 02
0020: 00 00 40 00 00 00 48 00-00 00 01 00 00 00

If the first part of TIFF data is above, it can read as;

The first 2bytes are "I I", byte align is 'Intel'.
Address 0x0004~0x0007 is 0x08000000, IFD0 starts from address '0x0008'
Address 0x0008~0x0009 is 0x0200, number of directory entry of IFD0 is '2'.
Address 0x000a~0x000b is 0x1A01, it means this is a XResolution(0x011A) Tag, it contains a horizontal resolution of image.
Address 0x000c~0x000d is 0x0500, format of this value is unsigned rational(0x0005).
Address 0x000e~0x0011 is 0x01000000, number of components is '1'. Unsigned rational's data size is 8bytes/components, so total data length is 1x8=8bytes.
Total data length is larger than 4bytes, so next 4bytes contains an offset to data.
Address 0x0012~0x0015 is 0x26000000, XResolution data is stored to address 0x0026
Address 0x0026~0x0029 is 0x48000000, numerator is 72, address 0x002a~0x002d is 0x0100000000, denominator is '1'. So the value of XResoultion is 72/1.
Address0x0016~0x0017 is 0x6987, next Tag is ExifOffset(0x8769). Its value is an offset to Exif SubIFD
Data format is 0x0004, unsigned long integer.
This Tag has one component. Unsigned long integer's data size is 4bytes/components, so total data size is 4bytes.
Total data size is equal to 4bytes, next 4bytes contains the value of Exif SubIFD offset.
Address 0x001e~0x0021 is 0x11020000, Exif SubIFD starts from address '0x0211'.
This is the last directory entry, next 4bytes shows an offset to next IFD.
Address 0x0022~0x0025 is 0x40000000, next IFD starts from address '0x0040'

Thumbnail image

Exif format contains thumbnail of image (except Ricoh RDC-300Z). Usually it is located next to the IFD1. There are 3 formats for thumbnails; JPEG format(JPEG uses YCbCr), RGB TIFF format, YCbCr TIFF format.

JPEG format thumbnail

If the value of Compression(0x0103) Tag in IFD1 is '6', thumbnail image format is JPEG. Most of Exif image uses JPEG format for thumbnail. In that case, you can get offset of thumbnail by JpegIFOffset(0x0201) Tag in IFD1, size of thumbnail by JpegIFByteCount(0x0202) Tag. Data format is ordinary JPEG format, starts from 0xFFD8 and ends by 0xFFD9. It seems that JPEG format and 160x120pixels of size are recommended thumbnail format for Exif2.1 or later.

TIFF format thumbnail

If the value of Compression(0x0103) Tag in IFD1 is '1', thumbnail image format is no compression(called TIFF image). Start point of thumbnail data is StripOffset(0x0111) Tag, size of thumbnail is the sum of StripByteCounts(0x0117) Tag.

If thumbnail uses no compression and PhotometricInterpretation(0x0106)Tag in IFD1 has a value '2', thumbnail uses RGB format. In that case, you can see thumbnail image by simply copy data to computer's RGB format(such as BMP format, or copy to VRAM directory). Kodak DC-210/220/260 use this format.
If that tag has a value '6', thumbnail uses YCbCr format. If you want to see thumbnail, you must convert it to RGB. Ricoh RDC4200/4300, Fuji DS-7/300 and DX-5/7/9 use this format(newer RDC5000/MX-X00 series use JPEG). Next section is brief description to conversion of Fuji DS's thumbnail. For more details, refer to TIFF6.0 specification.

At DX-5/7/9, YCbCrSubsampling(0x0212) has values of '2,1', PlanarConfiguration(0x011c) has a value '1'. So the data align of this image is below.

Y(0,0),Y(1,0),Cb(0,0),Cr(0,0), Y(2,0),Y(3,0),Cb(2,0),Cr(3.0), Y(4,0),Y(5,0),Cb(4,0),Cr(4,0). . . .

The numerics in parenthesis are pixel coordinates. DX series' YCbCrCoefficients(0x0211) has values '0.299/0.587/0.114', ReferenceBlackWhite(0x0214) has values '0,255,128,255,128,255'. Therefore to convert from Y/Cb/Cr to RGB is;

B(0,0)=(Cb-128)*(2-0.114*2)+Y(0,0)
R(0,0)=(Cr-128)*(2-0.299*2)+Y(0,0)
G(0,0)=(Y(0,0)-0.114*B(0,0)-0.299*R(0,0))/0.587

Horizontal subsampling is a value '2', so you can calculate B(1,0)/R(1,0)/G(1,0) by using the Y(1,0) and Cr(0,0)/Cb(0,0). Repeat this conversion by value of ImageWidth(0x0100) and ImageLength(0x0101).

Tag number used by Exif/TIFF

Tag numbers used by Exif/TIFF are shown as below. If the Tag has upper limit of components number, CompoNo column has numeric value. If it has no value, there is no limitation.

Tags used by IFD0 (main image)
Tag No.	Tag Name	Format	CompoNo	Desc.
0x010e	ImageDescription	ascii string		Describes image
0x010f	Make	ascii string		Shows manufacturer of digicam
0x0110	Model	ascii string		Shows model number of digicam
0x0112	Orientation	unsigned short	1	The orientation of the camera relative to the scene, when the image was captured. The start point of stored data is, '1' means upper left, '3' lower right, '6' upper right, '8' lower left, '9' undefined.
0x011a	XResolution	unsigned rational	1	Display/Print resolution of image. Large number of digicam uses 1/72inch, but it has no mean because personal computer doesn't use this value to display/print out.
0x011b	YResolution	unsigned rational	1
0x0128	ResolutionUnit	unsigned short	1	Unit of XResolution(0x011a)/YResolution(0x011b). '1' means no-unit, '2' means inch, '3' means centimeter.
0x0131	Software	ascii string		Shows firmware(internal software of digicam) version number.
0x0132	DateTime	ascii string	20	Date/Time of image was last modified. Data format is "YYYY:MM:DD HH:MM:SS"+0x00, total 20bytes. In usual, it has the same value of DateTimeOriginal(0x9003)
0x013e	WhitePoint	unsigned rational	2	Defines chromaticity of white point of the image. If the image uses CIE Standard Illumination D65(known as international standard of 'daylight'), the values are '3127/10000,3290/10000'.
0x013f	PrimaryChromaticities	unsigned rational	6	Defines chromaticity of the primaries of the image. If the image uses CCIR Recommendation 709 primearies, values are '640/1000,330/1000,300/1000,600/1000,150/1000,0/1000'.
0x0211	YCbCrCoefficients	unsigned rational	3	When image format is YCbCr, this value shows a constant to translate it to RGB format. In usual, values are '0.299/0.587/0.114'.
0x0213	YCbCrPositioning	unsigned short	1	When image format is YCbCr and uses 'Subsampling'(cropping of chroma data, all the digicam do that), defines the chroma sample point of subsampling pixel array. '1' means the center of pixel array, '2' means the datum point.
0x0214	ReferenceBlackWhite	unsigned rational	6	Shows reference value of black point/white point. In case of YCbCr format, first 2 show black/white of Y, next 2 are Cb, last 2 are Cr. In case of RGB format, first 2 show black/white of R, next 2 are G, last 2 are B.
0x8298	Copyright	ascii string		Shows copyright information
0x8769	ExifOffset	unsigned long	1	Offset to Exif Sub IFD

Tags used by Exif SubIFD
Tag No.	Tag Name	Format	CompoNo	Desc.
0x829a	ExposureTime	unsigned rational	1	Exposure time (reciprocal of shutter speed). Unit is second.
0x829d	FNumber	unsigned rational	1	The actual F-number(F-stop) of lens when the image was taken.
0x8822	ExposureProgram	unsigned short	1	Exposure program that the camera used when image was taken. '1' means manual control, '2' program normal, '3' aperture priority, '4' shutter priority, '5' program creative (slow program), '6' program action(high-speed program), '7' portrait mode, '8' landscape mode.
0x8827	ISOSpeedRatings	unsigned short	2	CCD sensitivity equivalent to Ag-Hr film speedrate.
0x9000	ExifVersion	undefined	4	Exif version number. Stored as 4bytes of ASCII character (like "0210")
0x9003	DateTimeOriginal	ascii string	20	Date/Time of original image taken. This value should not be modified by user program.
0x9004	DateTimeDigitized	ascii string	20	Date/Time of image digitized. Usually, it contains the same value of DateTimeOriginal(0x9003).
0x9101	ComponentConfiguration	undefined		Unknown. It seems value 0x00,0x01,0x02,0x03 always.
0x9102	CompressedBitsPerPixel	unsigned rational	1	The average compression ratio of JPEG.
0x9201	ShutterSpeedValue	signed rational	1	Shutter speed. To convert this value to ordinary 'Shutter Speed'; calculate this value's power of 2, then reciprocal. For example, if value is '4', shutter speed is 1/(2^4)=1/16 second.
0x9202	ApertureValue	unsigned rational	1	The actual aperture value of lens when the image was taken. To convert this value to ordinary F-number(F-stop), calculate this value's power of root 2 (=1.4142). For example, if value is '5', F-number is 1.4142^5 = F5.6.
0x9203	BrightnessValue	signed rational	1	Brightness of taken subject, unit is EV.
0x9204	ExposureBiasValue	signed rational	1	Exposure bias value of taking picture. Unit is EV.
0x9205	MaxApertureValue	unsigned rational	1	Maximum aperture value of lens. You can convert to F-number by calculating power of root 2 (same process of ApertureValue(0x9202).
0x9206	SubjectDistance	signed rational	1	Distance to focus point, unit is meter.
0x9207	MeteringMode	unsigned short	1	Exposure metering method. '1' means average, '2' center weighted average, '3' spot, '4' multi-spot, '5' multi-segment.
0x9208	LightSource	unsigned short	1	Light source, actually this means white balance setting. '0' means auto, '1' daylight, '2' fluorescent, '3' tungsten, '10' flash.
0x9209	Flash	unsigned short	1	'1' means flash was used, '0' means not used.
0x920a	FocalLength	unsigned rational	1	Focal length of lens used to take image. Unit is millimeter.
0x927c	MakerNote	undefined		Maker dependent internal data. Some of maker such as Olympus/Nikon/Sanyo etc. uses IFD format for this area.
0x9286	UserComment	undefined		Stores user comment.
0xa000	FlashPixVersion	undefined	4	Stores FlashPix version. Unknown but 4bytes of ASCII characters "0100"exists.
0xa001	ColorSpace	unsigned short	1	Unknown, value is '1'.
0xa002	ExifImageWidth	unsigned short/long	1	Size of main image.
0xa003	ExifImageHeight	unsigned short/long	1	Size of main image.
0xa004	RelatedSoundFile	ascii string		If this digicam can record audio data with image, shows name of audio data.
0xa005	ExifInteroperabilityOffset	unsigned long	1	Extension of "ExifR98", detail is unknown. This value is offset to IFD format data. Currently there are 2 directory entries, first one is Tag0x0001, value is "R98", next is Tag0x0002, value is "0100".
0xa20e	FocalPlaneXResolution	unsigned rational	1	CCD's pixel density.
0xa20f	FocalPlaneYResolution	unsigned rational	1	CCD's pixel density.
0xa210	FocalPlaneResolutionUnit	unsigned short	1	Unit of FocalPlaneXResoluton/FocalPlaneYResolution. '1' means no-unit, '2' inch, '3' centimeter.
0xa217	SensingMethod	unsigned short	1	Shows type of image sensor unit. '2' means 1 chip color area sensor, most of all digicam use this type.
0xa300	FileSource	undefined	1	Unknown but value is '3'.
0xa301	SceneType	undefined	1	Unknown but value is '1'.

Tags used by IFD1 (thumbnail image)
Tag No.	Tag Name	Format	CompoNo	Desc.
0x0100	ImageWidth	unsigned short/long	1	Shows size of thumbnail image.
0x0101	ImageLength	unsigned short/long	1	Shows size of thumbnail image.
0x0102	BitsPerSample	unsigned short	3	When image format is no compression, this value shows the number of bits per component for each pixel. Usually this value is '8,8,8'
0x0103	Compression	unsigned short	1	Shows compression method. '1' means no compression, '6' means JPEG compression.
0x0106	PhotometricInterpretation	unsigned short	1	Shows the color space of the image data components. '1' means monochrome, '2' means RGB, '6' means YCbCr.
0x0111	StripOffsets	unsigned short/long		When image format is no compression, this value shows offset to image data. In some case image data is striped and this value is plural.
0x0115	SamplesPerPixel	unsigned short	1	When image format is no compression, this value shows the number of components stored for each pixel. At color image, this value is '3'.
0x0116	RowsPerStrip	unsigned short/long	1	When image format is no compression and image has stored as strip, this value shows how many rows stored to each strip. If image has not striped, this value is the same as ImageLength(0x0101).
0x0117	StripByteConunts	unsigned short/long		When image format is no compression and stored as strip, this value shows how many bytes used for each strip and this value is plural. If image has not stripped, this value is single and means whole data size of image.
0x011a	XResolution	unsigned rational	1	Display/Print resolution of image. Large number of digicam uses 1/72inch, but it has no mean because personal computer doesn't use this value to display/print out.
0x011b	YResolution	unsigned rational	1
0x011c	PlanarConfiguration	unsigned short	1	When image format is no compression YCbCr, this value shows byte aligns of YCbCr data. If value is '1', Y/Cb/Cr value is chunky format, contiguous for each subsampling pixel. If value is '2', Y/Cb/Cr value is separated and stored to Y plane/Cb plane/Cr plane format.
0x0128	ResolutionUnit	unsigned short	1	Unit of XResolution(0x011a)/YResolution(0x011b). '1' means inch, '2' means centimeter.
0x0201	JpegIFOffset	unsigned long	1	When image format is JPEG, this value show offset to JPEG data stored.
0x0202	JpegIFByteCount	unsigned long	1	When image format is JPEG, this value shows data size of JPEG image.
0x0211	YCbCrCoefficients	unsigned rational	3	When image format is YCbCr, this value shows constants to translate it to RGB format. In usual, '0.299/0.587/0.114' are used.
0x0212	YCbCrSubSampling	unsigned short	2	When image format is YCbCr and uses subsampling(cropping of chroma data, all the digicam do that), this value shows how many chroma data subsampled. First value shows horizontal, next value shows vertical subsample rate.
0x0213	YCbCrPositioning	unsigned short	1	When image format is YCbCr and uses 'Subsampling'(cropping of chroma data, all the digicam do that), this value defines the chroma sample point of subsampled pixel array. '1' means the center of pixel array, '2' means the datum point(0,0).
0x0214	ReferenceBlackWhite	unsigned rational	6	Shows reference value of black point/white point. In case of YCbCr format, first 2 show black/white of Y, next 2 are Cb, last 2 are Cr. In case of RGB format, first 2 show black/white of R, next 2 are G, last 2 are B.

Misc Tags
Tag No.	Tag Name	Format	CompoNo	Desc.
0x00fe	NewSubfileType	unsigned long	1
0x00ff	SubfileType	unsigned short	1
0x012d	TransferFunction	unsigned short	3
0x013b	Artist	ascii string
0x013d	Predictor	unsigned short	1
0x0142	TileWidth	unsigned short	1
0x0143	TileLength	unsigned short	1
0x0144	TileOffsets	unsigned long
0x0145	TileByteCounts	unsigned short
0x014a	SubIFDs	unsigned long
0x015b	JPEGTables	undefined
0x828d	CFARepeatPatternDim	unsigned short	2
0x828e	CFAPattern	unsigned byte
0x828f	BatteryLevel	unsigned rational	1
0x83bb	IPTC/NAA	unsigned long
0x8773	InterColorProfile	undefined
0x8824	SpectralSensitivity	ascii string
0x8825	GPSInfo	unsigned long	1
0x8828	OECF	undefined
0x8829	Interlace	unsigned short	1
0x882a	TimeZoneOffset	signed short	1
0x882b	SelfTimerMode	unsigned short	1
0x920b	FlashEnergy	unsigned rational	1
0x920c	SpatialFrequencyResponse	undefined
0x920d	Noise	undefined
0x9211	ImageNumber	unsigned long	1
0x9212	SecurityClassification	ascii string	1
0x9213	ImageHistory	ascii string
0x9214	SubjectLocation	unsigned short	4
0x9215	ExposureIndex	unsigned rational	1
0x9216	TIFF/EPStandardID	unsigned byte	4
0x9290	SubSecTime	ascii string
0x9291	SubSecTimeOriginal	ascii string
0x9292	SubSecTimeDigitized	ascii string
0xa20b	FlashEnergy	unsigned rational	1
0xa20c	SpatialFrequencyResponse	unsigned short	1
0xa214	SubjectLocation	unsigned short	1
0xa215	ExposureIndex	unsigned rational	1
0xa302	CFAPattern	undefined	1

Appendix 1: MakerNote of Olympus Digicams

The data below is analyzed at Olympus D450Z(C-920Z) by Peter Esherick.

MakerNote of Olympus Digicam starts from ASCII string "OLYMP". Data format is the same as IFD, it starts from offset 0x07. Example of actual data structure is shown below.

:0000: 4F 4C 59 4D 50 00 01 00 0B-00 00 02 04 00 03 00  OLYMP...........
:0010: 00 00 0E 04 00 00 01 02 03-00 01 00 00 00 03 00  ................

Tag No.	Tag Name	Format	CompoNo	Value
0x0200	SpecialMode	Unsigned Long	3	Shows picture taking mode. First value means 0=normal, 1=unknown, 2=fast, 3=panorama. Second value means sequence number, third value means panorama direction, 1=left to right, 2=right to left, 3=bottom to top, 4=top to bottom.
0x0201	JpegQual	Unsigned Short	1	Shows JPEG quality. 1=SQ,2=HQ,3=SHQ.
0x0202	Macro	Unsigned Short	1	Shows Macro mode or not. 0=normal, 1=macro.
0x0203	Unknown	Unsigned Short	1	Unknown
0x0204	DigiZoom	Unsigned Rational	1	Shows Digital Zoom ratio. 0=normal, 2=digital 2x zoom.
0x0205	Unknown	Unsigned Rational	1	Unknown
0x0206	Unknown	Signed Short	6	Unknown
0x0207	SoftwareRelease	Ascii string	5	Shows Firmware version.
0x0208	PictInfo	Ascii string	52	Contains ASCII format data such as [PctureInfo]. This is the same data format of older Olympus digicams which not used Exif data format (C1400/C820/D620/D340 etc).
0x0209	CameraID	Undefined	32	Contains CameraID data, which is user changeable by some utilities
0x0f00	DataDump	Unsigned Long	30	Unknown

History

rev. 1.1

Added byte align explanation to TAG Mark of TIFF header
Corrected data format of some TAGs to "unsigned short/long"
Corrected value of FocalPlaneResolutionUnit
Added Appendix 1: MakerNote of Olympus

rev. 1.0

First release

Acknowledgement

I would like to thank to;

Daniel Switkin: Byte align of TAG Mark, Format of ImageWidth/ImageLength
Peter Esherick: MakerNote of Olympus
Matthias Wandel: Value of FocalPlaneResolutionUnit